Clubfoot

What is clubfoot?

Clubfoot — medically called talipes equinovarus — is a foot deformity present at birth in which the foot points downward and inward. One or both feet can be affected. It's one of the more common congenital conditions and is usually identified at birth or even on antenatal scans.

The cause isn't fully understood. There's a genetic component — it can run in families — but most cases occur without a clear family history. Sometimes clubfoot is part of a wider syndrome involving other parts of the body, but in most cases it's an isolated finding.

The reassuring thing is that modern treatment is highly effective. The vast majority of children treated promptly and properly grow up with feet that function very well, allowing full participation in normal activities.

What does it feel like?

Clubfoot is a structural condition rather than a painful one in newborns. The presentation includes:

• Foot turned downward and inward

• Sole of the foot facing inward or upward

• Sometimes a smaller calf and shorter foot on the affected side

• Stiffness — the foot can't simply be pushed into a normal position

• Often noticed at birth or on antenatal ultrasound

Untreated clubfoot leads to functional problems and pain in later childhood and adulthood. With the right early treatment, this is largely avoidable.

How is it diagnosed?

Diagnosis is usually straightforward and based on examination at birth. The shape and stiffness of the foot are characteristic.

Sometimes additional assessments are arranged — particularly to identify whether clubfoot is isolated or part of a broader condition. The hips are typically also assessed because there's a small association between clubfoot and hip dysplasia.

Severity varies, and an experienced clinician can establish how stiff the foot is and what response to treatment is likely.

What are the treatment options?

The mainstay of modern treatment is the Ponseti method — a series of gentle stretches and casts in the early weeks of life that progressively correct the deformity, followed by a brief surgical procedure (Achilles tenotomy) and a period of bracing to maintain correction.

Most children treated with the Ponseti method achieve excellent correction and grow up with very functional feet. A small minority need additional surgery, and ongoing review through childhood is part of standard care to catch any recurrence early. Nev will work through the right approach for your child at your consultation.

When should you get it checked?

Seek a specialist assessment if:

• Your baby has been diagnosed with clubfoot at birth or on antenatal scan

• There's any concern about the shape or position of your baby's feet

• You want a clear plan for treatment from the outset

• You're seeking a second opinion on the recommended approach

• There's been a previous treatment and you're concerned about how the foot is progressing

Clubfoot is one of those conditions where the right early treatment makes a transformative difference. Modern outcomes with the Ponseti method are excellent — and starting promptly gives the best foundation.